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Aggressive mitigation of climate change would have immediate benefits for human health, labor productivity, and agriculture.

A new analysis reviews the short-term benefits of decarbonization policies and finds that while warming itself does not slow immediately, improved air quality would yield tens of billions of dollars in labor productivity, improve crop yields, and avoid hundreds of thousands of cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations over the next 50 years.

The short-term focus was chosen to bring immediacy to the problem of climate, says study author Drew Shindell, a physicist and climate scientist at Duke Univ. Because carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases persist in the atmosphere for decades, carbon reduction today takes many years to slow warming. That makes it hard to act, even when people understand the problem. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 why I wanted to look at near-term and close-to-home impacts,鈥� says Shindell.

To quantify impacts within the next half-century, Shindell and his colleagues compared the current trajectory of fossil fuel use to scenarios in which countries met the goals of the Paris Agreement, keeping warming to 1.5鈥�2掳C by 2100. They also compared what might happen if just the U.S. limited its greenhouse gas emissions, irrespective of the rest of the world...