In nature, color can arise either from pigments or from microscopic structures that are small enough to interfere with visible light. These so-called structural colors are often more vivid than pigmented colors because the size of the structures is similar to the size of visible light wavelengths, and their colors can fluctuate depending on the viewing angle. And, unlike pigments, structural colors resist fading.
Structural colors can be found on the iridescent feathers of peacocks and other birds, on many varieties of plants, and on insects such as certain beetles. A biomimetic surface that imitates the structural colors found in nature could have numerous commercial and industrial applications.
Previous research explored various methods to fabricate structural colors. However, those studies encountered some challenges 鈥� including difficulty in implementing multiple structural colors on one substrate, and the inability to modify structural colors once they are affixed to a surface.
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