91成人短视频

Session Chair:

• David Edwards, Zeton

Session Description:

Pilot plants are used extensively for conducting process research for technology development and scale-up. This session focuses on the key benefits, challenges and insights in piloting thermochemical and fermentation processes - two of the three main process routes to biofuels (the third being transesterification).

Schedule:

Abstracts:

Scaling the LanzaTech Carbon Recycling Process

Tricia Gillenwater* and Derek Griffin, LanzaTech

The need for long term solutions to meet the world鈥檚 increasing demand for energy and chemicals as well as to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is driving the rapid development of processes to meet this challenge.   LanzaTech鈥檚 innovative gas fermentation technology provides an economic way to recycle the carbon in waste gases using a renewable microbial biocatalyst.  Our robust gas fermentation process can use a wide range of feedstocks such as waste gases from steel mills & refineries and syngas produced from biomass or MSW.  Carbon that would otherwise be emitted can be captured and recycled with the LanzaTech process to produce chemicals and fuels.  A key differentiator of LanzaTech鈥檚 gas fermentation technology is the ability to use different families of biocatalysts to produce a wide product slate from the same feedstock.  LanzaTech鈥檚 fermentation technology has been extended to methane conversion with an ARPA-E REMOTE project focused on enabling small-scale deployment so that stranded or associated natural gas can be captured to produce alkanes or lipids which can be upgraded to hydrocarbon fuels.

Defeating Scale-up with Process Intensification

Terry Marker, Martin Linck*, Pedro Ortiz-Toral, and Jim Wangerow, Gas Technology Institute

The grand challenge of our generation is to provide all peoples of the world access to affordable energy and mobility without contributing to global climate change.  Worldwide, the transportation sector contributes approximately 1.3 billion metric tons of atmospheric carbon per year, comprising about 14% of all greenhouse gas emissions [2014 Report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]. Biomass-derived liquid hydrocarbon fuels represent one of the most promising pathways to affordable, low-carbon, long-range transportation. For example, a detailed survey by USDA and DOE found that the United States is capable of harvesting over 1 billion dry, sustainable tons of biomass feedstocks annually. The same report projects that these feedstocks could provide over 30% of the liquid hydrocarbon fuels required by the United States each year [Biomass as a Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply, Perlack, et al., 2005]. We have developed a breakthrough process that can produce low-cost (<$2.00/gallon) drop-in hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel) from lignocellulosic biomass ($75/dry ton) that could鈥攆or the first time鈥攃ompete directly with petroleum-derived fuels. This exciting approach, the IH²庐 Process, integrates biomass hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion in a fluidized bed that simultaneously achieves devolatilization, hydrodeoxygenation, oligomerization, and heat integration in a single processing stage. As a consequence, this process-intensified solution features a yield profile that is largely independent of scale, enabling the potential for cost-effective implementation at scales compatible with the distributed nature of most biomass resources. Moreover, we have demonstrated this process using a multitude of non-food feedstocks (e.g.; woody biomass, bagasse, corn stover, algae, etc.), thereby avoiding the food-versus-fuel dilemma. We believe that these properties will enable rapid commercial deployment of the IH²庐 Process to meet society's future need for affordable, low-carbon transportation fuels.

鈥楶ilotus Maximus鈥�:  Best Practices for Pilot & Demo Programs

Alex Patist, Genomatica

Lab 鈥� pilot 鈥� demo - commercial scale is the traditional route for successful commercializing (bio) processes. The significant cost of pilot and demo scale operations, however is a large cash drain for any size company.

This presentation will describe how to maximize returns on pilot and demo operations by shortening timelines and reducing process development costs - and how to do so without cutting corners or increasing risks. The tools include integral reliance on techno-economic analysis; mastering scale-down; high precision fermentation and careful management of the details needed for real-world deployment, technology transfer, construction & operations. 

Examples of Genomatica鈥檚 experience in successfully applying this discipline to multiple biobased processes will be shared.  These include GENO BDO鈩�, which reached commercial-scale production of 1,4 -butanediol (an intermediate non-natural chemical) directly from sugars in late 2012; two different process technologies for producing butadiene; and more.